The idea was to enhance the illusion of death perception. It was introduced to the American culture in the 50's but the rest of the world did not see it till the 1980's. The very first form of 3-D film was seen around 1890, when a British film pioneer projected two films side by side. The viewers were then given a stereoscope, which combined the two images to create a 3-D look. The first "real" 3-D film was shown in 1952, where the Los Angeles audience watched The Power Of Love.
The years between 1952-1954 are known to be the "Golden Era" in 3-D film. In the early years of this era the first 3-D color film was produced, Bwana Devil. Other highly looked after films in this era were Vincent price's horror movie "House of wax" (1953) and "It came from outer space" (1953). These films helped this era be known as the Golden Era for 3-D movies, some say that the boom of this era saved the 3-D film industry during the time because it was seen as a useless idea.
Years later audiences soon began to get sick of the funny glasses and ridiculous plots of 3-D films. Most people turned to the entertainment of televison. Popular shows, such as "I love lucy" aired weekly. It was said that in 1953 the show "I love Lucy" pulled in a total of 44 million viewers for the episode when the main character Lucy had her baby. Far fewer people tuned in to watch the broadcast of the presidental inauguration the next day.
Sources: http://entertainment-industry.knoji.com/the-3d-films-of-the-1950s/
http://horror.about.com/od/horrorthemelists/ss/3dhorrormovies.htm
http://www.tvtechnology.com/technology-corner/0118/the-golden-age-of-d-movies/207776
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